Creatine, long known as a go-to supplement for athletes and bodybuilders, may have surprising potential beyond the gym. According to new research published in European Neuropsychopharmacology, the popular supplement could play a meaningful role in easing depression, particularly when paired with standard treatments like antidepressants and cognitive therapy.
The paper, authored by University of Ottawa’s Nicholas Fabiano and Brendon Stubbs of Kings College London, presents a compelling case for the popular supplement for its ability to quickly replenish energy levels in the brain.
While the body produces some creatine naturally, a large portion comes from diet—mainly red meat and fish, the researchers point out. However, the study highlights a challenge. People following vegetarian or vegan diets typically have about 30% less creatine in their bodies than those who eat meat, but even for meat-eaters, reaching therapeutic creatine levels through food alone can be impractical, as one would need to consume nearly three pounds of beef to match the amount found in a 5-gram supplement scoop.
What sets brain supplementation apart from muscle support? It appears to be dosage and duration, according to the findings. To achieve noticeable effects in the brain, the study suggests that creatine may need to be taken in higher amounts and for longer periods.
Encouragingly, early clinical research supports creatine’s antidepressant potential. In one preliminary trial, individuals with depression who took creatine alongside the antidepressant escitalopram showed significant improvements within just two weeks—effects that continued through the study’s eight-week duration. Similar results were seen when creatine was paired with cognitive behavioral therapy, suggesting its benefits may extend across multiple treatment types.
Although further research is needed, the early findings point to a promising and accessible new tool in mental health care—one that could add new momentum to the already booming supplement market.
While Fabiano noted that the trials have paved the way for future creatine research, he pointed out there is room for further optimization to maximize antidepressant efficacy—such as exploring higher doses for longer periods of time.
“Overall, creatine remains a promising adjunctive intervention for the treatment of depression, which can be combined with many existing first-line options,” Fabiano posted on X. He recently appeared on an episode of Dr. Puder’s Psychiatry & Psychotherapy podcast to discuss creatine’s ability to enhance brain metabolism.
